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the key to explain many Chinese behavior. In 1935 in its Lin yutang well-known, my country and my people "(also named" Chinese "), "face" rule of three Chinese is the most powerful in the goddess of a, think it is "the most exquisite Chinese social communication of the standard". From the above discussion of the scholars can be seen in the face problems in Chinese mind has incomparable status, and has important social and moral function in the daily life of the Chinese people face is behavior plays a dominated and adjust the function. In Chinese culture, collectivism have extremely core status. In two thousand the Chinese feudal history, its civilization based on agricultural economy based on, "generations of farmers was tied to the routine of their survival on land. But war and famine, farmers, whether it is almost constant social class or in the geographical environment." Mankind (, 1988) people and their land between people, form the interdependence of the link, so closely related, weal and woe. Friends and family settled in one place, if have no natural disasters, rarely travel far, so more and more close, group relations. In this historical background values is a kind of collective socialist collectivism) (based on the values, pay attention to the harmony among people, pay attention to the social nature of man, and to pay attention to the social, group for personal constraints, not outstanding individual and personality, and emphasizes the role of the group. People with group as the center, personal emotions and desires, privacy, relative to the groups speaking very small, work like speak "face", and to others or to highlight his disdain group. Will tell from this meaning, the Chinese people's face is more of our collective's face, and pay attention to interpersonal values in the back, is from the masses to value orientation for refuge. It and western self-centered, emphasize the independent personality and the character, praise highly personal achievement and honor values to form bright contrast. On the other hand, the Chinese AiMianZi by the pre-qin Confucian thoughts influence. Especially The Confucian thought have been the cornerstone of Chinese traditional philosophy, two thousand DuoNian to, it cultivates the Chinese civilization, and its influence has been deeply branding in the Chinese national character. Confucianism, word interpretation, cultured is benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, letter, ritual, righteousness, cream, shame, humility and reserved and moderation, harmonious. Not a evil, not in the small and not for good; Every language, the movement, the way method, personhood dignity, personality, etc, are inconsistent with the advocates of the criticism, and condemned for people hated, good reputation, good face is proves impossible, for a long time the idea thorough popular feeling. 2. 2 of the western culture of the Chinese people face view "face view" for emphasis on personal freedom of movement and personal desire to meet the westerners is hard to understand. According to the cross-cultural communication scholars Hofstede research theory, western culture more stressed individualism. Individualism (individualism) as the mainstream of western culture, deeply rooted in western culture. And China's different, western early in the 14 th century in the Renaissance, the leading thought is humanism, then become "free" "democracy" ideology. Thus westerners highly, has the very high value. It emphasized the rights of the individual and value, formed a "personal freedom" as the core of the "individualism" value idea. In this guidance, personal preference way of life be taken seriously, personal emotions and desires, purpose and privacy all have special respect and outstanding performance. Smith and Louise, the behavior of individualism that aims to achieve their goals, the complex concept contain personal pursuit of freedom, ego, independent. In Chinese, it is difficult to find a it equivalent of words. In social activities, respect for the liberty of the individual, rights and independent is polite and otherwise, is not appropriate, and even be considered rude. Personal independent of collectivism, and his own interest and purpose put in the others before. So in this sense, westerners face is more the individuality of face, in respect of the worth of the individual, is behind compliance personal value orientation is made. China and the United States in collectivism and individualism values is one of the difference: Chinese people pay attention to keep "face", and the americans leave no peace. As western individualism orientation by influence, collective specification or low expectations, and everyone trying to build "equality" relationship, once the conflict, the personnel two points. So, will tell from connotation, western society "face" concept to than China's "face" much smaller. Westerners, but they also JiangMianZi in human relationships so complex that they did not have the Chinese tend to things not people, attention is paid to the business is business on the basic principle and care little face, even, let a person feel some "don't speak persons", "classic". So Chinese and some words related to the face, such as "don't face", and "face big", "light" face "a swollen depth" and "respectable" life in Britain and is very understanding person. On the other hand, the western the "face" understanding the influence of mechanism by impression, reflects the personal characteristics of western culture--god, everyone is equal. The face time and Levinson defined as: every social members wanted to have personal self image (the publicself-image. One wants to take by competition-for as). We can see that in the west, the concept of face is affected by impression manipulation. The marks of individualism deep deep into the cultural center. God gives the human nature, theocratic given human rights, of the dignity of people greater than all. In the west, lose face behavior will not bring what bad results is only weaken the personal social value. English may be not often put emphasis on "" (face) but often mention" image "(image). This may explain why the western politicians to win over his opponent is still show due respect, friendly and self-confidence, to squeeze more than the other bright smile, as opponents on a warm embrace--these are generally of the American face project. Three Chinese and western to face and between the two aspects of the time agree with the differences between the courtesy of Levinson and according to the theory, the face has two aspects: negative face (put) visitors and actively face (posi-tive put). Positive and negative face face a communication also happened and between the two levels. Positive face is refers to the social individual hope his desire to be the self image, be appreciated and praise the talking out of (should). It is related to the personal right, people in social interaction should follow, normal and with others to support and pay for the principle of the communication. The western culture "is a typical praise, hope to get each other when they meet the praise, such as" You are so energetic! "" intended to escape your AD." but derful-such as it maintains the listener's expression actively face. Levinson said time and actively face and han culture's face is similar, but the negative face and we face almost no similar, it is Chinese and western "face", the concept of the biggest difference. The so-called negative face, it is to point to the social individual actions do not wish to be people of interference, personal has certain independent decided to freedom. Negative face attention is paid to the communication of the personality, each of the rights of the individual not for his own collective values of bondage. For example, usually in a restaurant, a waiter will ask this steak you "How do you like it cooked? Welldone, demand the and, or rare?" In the social etiquette, westerners special praise highly "to avoid as far as possible to bring inconvenience others" principle. This will give each other with more choices, avoid to cause embarrassment, thus fully respect each other behavior of the freedom. "Privacy" (cy) a word priva-is used to describe this kind of typical demand. And the Chinese face emphasize people rely on social to their social status and reputation approval and the society, on the demand of acceptance. It is a kind of expression of dignity and respect, and not the requirements of the direct expression of the freedom of action for long for. For example among Chinese people can ask age, income, but in western culture generally can't ask such personal questions. Because it is considered impolite, interference in other people's privacy, threatening their negative face. Get Chinese hospitality, it is very want to let a guest host feel his enthusiasm, but sometimes show excessive care and consideration, such as dinner table QuanJiu and give a person clip vegetables and so on all actual force each other, block your personal freedom too. According to the time and Levinson's point of view, this is actually a threat of each other's negative face. Again with a good gift as an example, the guest to leave, according to the Chinese habit, master general will say "walk", "please walk slowly," and so on, if the rituals of the translation into English for western culture environment, guests can feel very weird, because "you", "a Mind steps forward" to Go is TingHuaZhe negative face damaged speech act. But for China, these words itself is politely. Westerners don't like to put his ideas upon others, tend to meet each other's negative face, communication is obvious negative polite face strategy application. In Chinese culture is the essence of the concept of face of respect needs; And not brown and levin's negative face concept of so-called "personal behavior is not bound and personal will not be imposed freedom." Therefore, Chinese culture are not present in the brown and levin's negative concept, with westerners again face contact, we must properly, the reasonable appropriately, both the positive face, and maintenance to maintain negative face. 4 maintain face different strategies of Chinese and western when people in social communication with other people, it is necessary to retain his face, but avoid making others lose face. Whether the face time and Levinson, or the Chinese of face view, are discussed in how people in communication take effective politeness strategies make communication more successful. Understand speech communication of the face problems, some strategy implementation will help in the appropriate situation words saying the right thing. 4. 1 Chinese maintenance face strategy (1) humble yourself. Honour China as a formal state, people in the daily interactions of positive affirmation of the great attention to others face and social status. Sometimes, in order to give others at the expense of his face and respect others. Chinese it often on formal occasions the modest, and use words to express the word humility and respect especially. For example, in the mutual call often use very grave, polite of your respectful name "your name" "from your name liu". Appellation themselves and their relevant to something, use "I", "my humble duty", "" in my opinion," and related to others the things is used "name", "honour", "sage advice", etc. (2) win fame. Since ancient time, Chinese people are very attention for fame. In ancient times, the list of scholars, once gold exporting, ancestor worship, it makes all the family big have a face, it may be said to uphold. The ancients cloud: "become king, the loser Curtis." Successful people can dominate the blind ding ding, call wind call rain; Failure, is being laughed at, is throw away. (3) destroy othe
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